{"id":153,"date":"2025-07-14T19:46:02","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T19:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/?page_id=153"},"modified":"2026-02-19T11:10:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T11:10:20","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"153\" class=\"elementor elementor-153\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341f389c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"341f389c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88e7f6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a88e7f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed366c5 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed366c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We design and synthesise next-generation materials and fabricate OLED devices that drive breakthroughs in electronics and bio-integrated technologies<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28debc26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"28debc26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675d7bc7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"675d7bc7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c2e0b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"8c2e0b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gemini_Generated_Image_frrorofrrorofrro-1.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" muted=\"muted\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6df63e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6df63e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef48b52 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"ef48b52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Organic light <span><span>emitting<\/span><\/span> diodes <span><span>(OLEDs):<\/span><\/span> <\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cfb9fb elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cfb9fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are advanced display and lighting technologies that utilize organic materials to emit light in response to an electric current. Unlike traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs), OLEDs are self-emissive, enabling deep blacks, high contrast ratios, and vibrant colors. Additional advantages of OLEDs over conventional lighting devices include their flexibility, lightweight structure, foldability, faster response times, and wider viewing angles, making them ideal for applications such as smartphones, televisions, and wearable devices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415b44a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"415b44a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e390ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e390ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66c14d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"d66c14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Thermally activated <span><span>delayed<\/span><\/span> fluorescence <span><span>(TADF)<\/span><\/span> <\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5abeb7 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5abeb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is a photophysical process in which dark triplet excitons can contribute to light emission via delayed fluorescence using room temperature thermal energy. By designing suitable molecular structures with a small singlet\u2013triplet energy gap (\u0394<em>E<\/em><sub>ST<\/sub>) of less than 0.2 eV, efficient upconversion of triplet excitons to the singlet excited state through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) becomes feasible. TADF emitters can achieve 100% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) without the use of heavy metals such as iridium (Ir) or platinum (Pt), making them a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to phosphorescent emitters. TADF materials have found significant applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), offering bright emission, tunable colors, and extended device lifetimes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-545a007 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"545a007\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f30fe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f30fe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/fekr_1-edited.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-159\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/fekr_1-edited.jpg 911w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/fekr_1-edited-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/fekr_1-edited-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8812cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f8812cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa289a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fa289a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69d202 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a69d202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2360\" height=\"1596\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-362\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1.jpg 2360w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1-1024x693.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1-1536x1039.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/11-1-2048x1385.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2360px) 100vw, 2360px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e25e681 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e25e681\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92c257a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"92c257a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Solution processed  <span><span>Device Fabrication<\/span><\/span><\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e94c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_unfold\" data-id=\"82e94c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_unfold.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Unfold Content -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' href='https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: Unfold Content *\/\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n opacity: 0;\n transition: opacity .2s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9.ue-full-opacity{\n opacity: 1;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .unfold_wrapper{\n  max-height:100%;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .unfold_card{\n  position: relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 1;\n    background: -moz-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .ue-btn-wrap{\n        display: flex;   \n    position:relative;\n  z-index:2;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 #button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor:pointer;\n    transition:0.3s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .ue_unfold_title,\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .ue-txt{\n  transition: all .3s ease;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon svg{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .unfold_wrapper{\n  overflow:hidden;\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 .unfold_wrapper.ue-unfold-active #uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n  height:0px;\n}\n\n#ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9  button{\n  outline:none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\" data-scroll-back=\"false\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"unfold_card\">\n    <div class=\"unfold_wrapper\" id=\"unfold_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\">\n      <div class=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9 uf_overlay\" id=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"ue-txt\"><p>The solution-processed device fabrication proves to be efficient due to being cost-effective, highly scalable and environmentally sustainable. It demands less material and energy consumption. In the solution processed device, emissive layer material can be deposited at low or room temperature, which makes it a suitable choice enabling fabrication on flexible and heat sensitive substrates. Infact, for those molecules which can degrade upon increased temperature, a device can be made only by this method.<\/p><p>In ProFM Lab, we work with different types of emissive materials (TADF, fluorescent, metal nanocluster) to form their solution-processed device. Although multi-layered OLEDs are common, single layered OLEDs are also interesting to work with. Moreover, we are working towards finding out the nontraditional alternatives of commonly used injection\/transport layers.<\/p><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"ue-btn-wrap\" id=\"btn_wrapper btn_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\"> \n    <a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" role=\"button\" class=\"ubfold_btn\" id=\"button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\">\n            <span id=\"ue-text-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\">Read More<\/span>\n      <span id=\"ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_82e94c9\">Read Less<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\t\n  \n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<!-- end Unfold Content -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd2681 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fbd2681\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93c4b20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93c4b20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4391265 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"4391265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Theoretical studies <span><span>on TADF<\/span><\/span> <\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ce0bfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_unfold\" data-id=\"9ce0bfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_unfold.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Unfold Content -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Unfold Content *\/\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n opacity: 0;\n transition: opacity .2s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb.ue-full-opacity{\n opacity: 1;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .unfold_wrapper{\n  max-height:100%;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .unfold_card{\n  position: relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 1;\n    background: -moz-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .ue-btn-wrap{\n        display: flex;   \n    position:relative;\n  z-index:2;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb #button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor:pointer;\n    transition:0.3s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .ue_unfold_title,\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .ue-txt{\n  transition: all .3s ease;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon svg{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .unfold_wrapper{\n  overflow:hidden;\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb .unfold_wrapper.ue-unfold-active #uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n  height:0px;\n}\n\n#ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb  button{\n  outline:none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\" data-scroll-back=\"false\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"unfold_card\">\n    <div class=\"unfold_wrapper\" id=\"unfold_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\">\n      <div class=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb uf_overlay\" id=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"ue-txt\"><p>Molecules and materials that interact with light play a significant role in our daily lives, impacting technologies like displays and lighting. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a promising mechanism to enhance the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by enabling the harvesting of both singlet and triplet excitons without the use of heavy metals. A key question is how to efficiently leverage excited state properties for designing new materials with improved performance. Theoretical studies have played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of TADF mechanisms, guiding the design of new materials with optimized properties. Central to TADF is the small singlet-triplet energy gap (\u0394E<sub>ST<\/sub>), which facilitates efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) under thermal activation. Quantum chemical calculations, particularly density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), have been extensively used to predict excited-state properties, analyse charge transfer character, and evaluate \u0394E<sub>ST<\/sub>. Advanced methodologies, including multiconfigurational approaches and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, have provided deeper insights into the interplay between molecular geometry, electronic structure, and vibronic coupling effects crucial for efficient RISC. Our group employs advanced theoretical methods to understand non-equilibrium dynamics, focusing on electronically excited states. We integrate simulations with experiments to understand the excited state processes and discusses the challenges related to the accurate prediction of RISC rates and the design of next-generation DF materials.<\/p><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"ue-btn-wrap\" id=\"btn_wrapper btn_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\"> \n    <a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" role=\"button\" class=\"ubfold_btn\" id=\"button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\">\n            <span id=\"ue-text-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\">Read More<\/span>\n      <span id=\"ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_9ce0bfb\">Read Less<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\t\n  \n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<!-- end Unfold Content -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14df902 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14df902\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e2f9bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e2f9bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"617\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/12.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-366\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/12.png 617w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/12-300x265.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36987a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36987a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bd74cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5bd74cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed41bd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ed41bd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"557\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/13.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-367\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/13.png 710w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/13-300x235.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdefc81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bdefc81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa1205 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"7fa1205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Biomedical applications  <span><span>of TADF <\/span><\/span> organic materials<\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bce6aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_unfold\" data-id=\"bce6aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_unfold.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Unfold Content -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Unfold Content *\/\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n opacity: 0;\n transition: opacity .2s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef.ue-full-opacity{\n opacity: 1;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .unfold_wrapper{\n  max-height:100%;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .unfold_card{\n  position: relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 1;\n    background: -moz-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .ue-btn-wrap{\n        display: flex;   \n    position:relative;\n  z-index:2;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef #button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor:pointer;\n    transition:0.3s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .ue_unfold_title,\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .ue-txt{\n  transition: all .3s ease;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon svg{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .unfold_wrapper{\n  overflow:hidden;\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef .unfold_wrapper.ue-unfold-active #uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n  height:0px;\n}\n\n#ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef  button{\n  outline:none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\" data-scroll-back=\"false\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"unfold_card\">\n    <div class=\"unfold_wrapper\" id=\"unfold_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\">\n      <div class=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef uf_overlay\" id=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"ue-txt\"><p>Macromolecular photosensitizers are challenging to synthesize, and often they have shorter lifetimes at their excited state, which limits their utility in image-guided photodynamic therapy (IG-PDT). To counter this, I am developing a TADF organic small molecular probe that undergoes self-assembly to form nanoaggregates in aqueous medium, displaying favorable endocytosis, organelle-targeted accumulation, and prolonged triplet-state lifetime. These TADF nanoaggregates finally become suitable candidates to be realized for organelle-targeted IG-PDT, exploring the <em>in vitro<\/em> and<em> in vivo<\/em> models. Moreover, electroluminescent probes are potential candidates to assess cellular physiology, and device-based biosensing is the need of the hour for the point-of-care detection of cancers.\u00a0 I am trying to understand the probable utilization of a TADF electroluminescent probe\/ TADF-OLED device for the physiological assessment of cancer and normal cells to diagnose triple-negative breast cancer. Hence, my research is highly interdisciplinary and overlaps with the interface of organic synthetic chemistry, fluorescence spectroscopy, OLED device fabrication, molecular and chemical biology, and fluorescent bioimaging.<\/p><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"ue-btn-wrap\" id=\"btn_wrapper btn_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\"> \n    <a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" role=\"button\" class=\"ubfold_btn\" id=\"button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\">\n            <span id=\"ue-text-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\">Read More<\/span>\n      <span id=\"ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_bce6aef\">Read Less<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\t\n  \n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<!-- end Unfold Content -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c93e40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c93e40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b1e113 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b1e113\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6371d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"ed6371d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Supramolecular  <span><span>Self-assembly<\/span><\/span> <\/h2><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32322f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_unfold\" data-id=\"32322f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_unfold.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Unfold Content -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Unfold Content *\/\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n opacity: 0;\n transition: opacity .2s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0.ue-full-opacity{\n opacity: 1;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .unfold_wrapper{\n  max-height:100%;\n  width: 100%;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .unfold_card{\n  position: relative;\n  overflow:hidden;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 0;\n    bottom: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    z-index: 1;\n    background: -moz-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff) 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n    background: linear-gradient(0deg, #ffffff 10%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .ue-btn-wrap{\n        display: flex;   \n    position:relative;\n  z-index:2;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 #button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor:pointer;\n    transition:0.3s;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .ue_unfold_title,\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .ue-txt{\n  transition: all .3s ease;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n.ue-btn-icon svg{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .unfold_wrapper{\n  overflow:hidden;\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n  transition:300ms;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 .unfold_wrapper.ue-unfold-active #uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n  height:0px;\n}\n\n#ue-icon-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0  button{\n  outline:none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\" data-scroll-back=\"false\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"unfold_card\">\n    <div class=\"unfold_wrapper\" id=\"unfold_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\">\n      <div class=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0 uf_overlay\" id=\"uf_overlayuc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\"><\/div>\n                          <div class=\"ue-txt\"><p>The foundation of supramolecular chemistry was laid in the late 1960s by visionaries like Charles Pedersen, Jean-Marie Lehn, and Donald Cram, who introduced macrocyclic molecules such as crown ethers, cryptands, and spherands, capable of selectively binding ions and small molecules through elegant non-covalent interactions. This groundbreaking work earned them the Nobel Prize and ignited a revolution in molecular science. Jean-Marie Lehn later coined the term <em>\"supramolecular chemistry\"<\/em> to describe this new frontier of <em>chemistry beyond the molecule<\/em>.<\/p><p>Supramolecular chemistry encompasses the design and assembly of small molecular units into complex, hierarchical architectures using a range of non-covalent forces: hydrogen bonding, host\u2013guest recognition, electrostatic attractions, \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 interactions, hydrophobic effects, and metal coordination. These dynamic interactions allow the creation of functional, adaptive, and responsive materials that hold promise for applications ranging from catalysis and molecular recognition to drug delivery and nanotechnology.<\/p><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  \n      <div class=\"ue-btn-wrap\" id=\"btn_wrapper btn_wrapper_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\"> \n    <a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" role=\"button\" class=\"ubfold_btn\" id=\"button_uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\">\n            <span id=\"ue-text-folded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\">Read More<\/span>\n      <span id=\"ue-text-unfolded-uc_ue_unfold_elementor_32322f0\">Read Less<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\t\n  \n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<!-- end Unfold Content -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5389f91 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5389f91\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df91737 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"df91737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14-1024x306.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-368\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14-1024x306.png 1024w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14-768x229.png 768w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14-1536x459.png 1536w, https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/14.png 1868w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research We design and synthesise next-generation materials and fabricate OLED devices that drive breakthroughs in electronics and bio-integrated technologies https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gemini_Generated_Image_frrorofrrorofrro-1.mp4 Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are advanced display and lighting technologies that utilize organic materials to emit light in response to an electric current. Unlike traditional liquid crystal displays (LCDs), OLEDs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-153","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":565,"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions\/565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockstartesting.in\/rajamalli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}